http的应用

httpd-2.4：    新特性：        (1) MPM支持运行DSO机制；以模块形式按需加载；        (2) 支持event MPM；        (3) 支持异步读写；        (4) 支持每模块及每个目录分别使用各自的日志级别；        (5) 每请求配置；
    
             (6) 增强版的表达式分析器；        (7) 支持毫秒级的keepalive timeout；        (8) 基于FQDN的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirtualHost指令；        (9) 支持用户自定义变量；    新模块：        (1) mod_proxy_fcgi        (2) mod_ratelimit        (3) mod_remoteip    修改了一些配置机制：        不再支持使用Order, Deny, Allow来做基于IP的访问控制；安装httpd-2.4    httpd依赖于apr-1.4+, apr-util-1.4+, [apr-icon]        apr: apache portable runtime    CentOS 6:        默认：apr-1.3.9, apr-util-1.3.9         编译安装步骤：            1.4+版的apr和apr-util            前提：                安装开发环境，安装pcre-devel            (1) apr                # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr                # make && make install            (2) apr-util                # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with=/usr/local/apr                # make && make install            # groupadd -r apache            # useradd -r -g apache apahce            # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconf=/etc/httpd24 --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=prefork            # make && make install            启动服务：                apachectl     CentOS 7:        配置文件：            主配置文件：/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf            模块配置文件：/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/*.conf            辅助配置文件：/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf        mpm：以DSO机制提供，配置文件00-mpm.conf        服务控制：systemctl {start|stop|restart|status|reload} httpd.service    配置：            (1) 切换使用MPM                LoadModule mpm_NAME_module modules/mod_mpm_NAME.so                    NAME: prefork, event, worker            (2) 修改'Main' server的DocumentRoot            (3) 基于IP的访问控制法则                允许所有主机访问：Require all granted                拒绝所有主机访问：Require all deny                控制特定IP访问：                    Require ip IPADDR：授权指定来源地址的主机访问                    Require not ip IPADDR：拒绝指定来源地址的主机访问                    IPADDR：                        IP: 172.16.100.2                        Network/mask: 172.16.0.0/255.255.0.0                        Network/Length: 172.16.0.0/16                        Net: 172.16                控制特定主机（HOSTNAME）访问                    Require host HOSTNAME                    Require not host HOSTNAME                    HOSTNAME:                        FQDN: 特定主机                        DOMAIN：指定域内的所有主机                
     
                          Require all granted                    Require not ip 10.252.46.165                
                 (4) 虚拟主机                基于IP、Port和FQDN都支持；                基于FQDN的不再需要NameVirtualHost指令；            (5) ssl                启用模块：                    LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so            (6) CentOS 6 服务脚本                #!/bin/bash                #                # httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server                #                # chkconfig: - 85 15                # description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible  \                #          server implementing the current HTTP standards.                # processname: httpd                # config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf                # config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd                # pidfile: /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid                #                ### BEGIN INIT INFO                # Provides: httpd                # Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $named                # Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network                # Should-Start: distcache                # Short-Description: start and stop Apache HTTP Server                # Description: The Apache HTTP Server is an extensible server                 #  implementing the current HTTP standards.                ### END INIT INFO                # Source function library.                . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions                if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then                        . /etc/sysconfig/httpd                fi                # Start httpd in the C locale by default.                HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}                # This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if                # mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.                INITLOG_ARGS=""                # Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server                # with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not                # work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.                # Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.                apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl                httpd=/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd                prog=httpd                pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd/httpd24.pid}                lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd24}                RETVAL=0                STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}                # The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does                # things -- attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown                # when not running is also a failure.  So we just do it the way init scripts                # are expected to behave here.                start() {                        echo -n $"Starting $prog: "                        LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS                        RETVAL=$?                        echo                        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}                        return $RETVAL                }                # When stopping httpd, a delay (of default 10 second) is required                # before SIGKILLing the httpd parent; this gives enough time for the                # httpd parent to SIGKILL any errant children.                stop() {                    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "                    killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd                    RETVAL=$?                    echo                    [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}                }                reload() {                    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "                    if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then                        RETVAL=6                        echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"                        failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"                    else                        # Force LSB behaviour from killproc                        LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP                        RETVAL=$?                        if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then                            failure $"httpd shutdown"                        fi                    fi                    echo                }                # See how we were called.                case "$1" in                  start)                    start                    ;;                  stop)                    stop                    ;;                  status)                        status -p ${pidfile} $httpd                    RETVAL=$?                    ;;                  restart)                    stop                    start                    ;;                  condrestart|try-restart)                    if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then                        stop                        start                    fi                    ;;                  force-reload|reload)                        reload                    ;;                  graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)                    $apachectl $@                    RETVAL=$?                    ;;                  *)                    echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"                    RETVAL=2                esac                exit $RETVAL